Xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Myanmar di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Mandalay h\u00f4m 2-2-2021, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u1ea2nh: REUTERS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p><\/figure>\nBa\u0300i pha\u0302n ti\u0301ch m\u01a1\u0301i \u0111a\u0302y \u0111a\u0306ng tre\u0302n ma\u0323ng esra.org.cn nh\u1ea1\u0302n \u0111i\u0323nh m\u1ecd\u0302t na\u0306m sau khi qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i n\u0103\u0301m quy\u00ea\u0300n, ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh kinh t\u00ea\u0301 Myanmar m\u1ea1\u0306c du\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0301i di\u1eb9\u0302n v\u01a1\u0301i nguy co\u031b khu\u0309ng hoa\u0309ng nhu\u031bng v\u00e2\u0303n chu\u031ba su\u0323p \u0111\u00f4\u0309. La\u0323m pha\u0301t ta\u0306ng nhanh nhu\u031bng \u0111a\u0303 \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i sau \u0111o\u0301. Vi\u1eb9\u0302c ru\u0301t v\u00f4\u0301n cu\u0309a nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i va\u0300 ca\u0301c l\u1eb9\u0302nh tr\u01b0\u0300ng pha\u0323t cu\u0309a phu\u031bo\u031bng Ta\u0302y \u0111a\u0303 ga\u0302y ne\u0302n nh\u01b0\u0303ng kho\u0301 kha\u0306n m\u01a1\u0301i cho qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh phu\u0323c h\u00f4\u0300i kinh t\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a Myanmar. Song ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng ta\u0323m th\u01a1\u0300i cu\u0303ng chi\u0309 \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301. Tra\u0301i la\u0323i, tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c s\u01b0\u0323 t\u00e2\u0301n co\u0302ng ke\u0301p cu\u0309a di\u0323ch b\u1eb9\u0302nh va\u0300 b\u00e2\u0301t \u00f4\u0309n chi\u0301nh tri\u0323, \u0111\u01a1\u0300i s\u00f4\u0301ng xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i cu\u0309a ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i da\u0302n \u0111ang nga\u0300y ca\u0300ng kho\u0301 kha\u0306n.<\/p>\n
Sau khi qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i Myanmar ti\u00ea\u0301p qua\u0309n quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c, ru\u0309i ro va\u0300 kho\u0301 kha\u0306n l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t n\u0103\u0300m \u01a1\u0309 vi\u1eb9\u0302c qua\u0309n tri\u0323 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i. Tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c nguy co\u031b ke\u0301p cu\u0309a di\u0323ch b\u1eb9\u0302nh va\u0300 b\u00e2\u0301t \u00f4\u0309n chi\u0301nh tri\u0323, qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i Myanmar, v\u01a1\u0301i tha\u0300nh ti\u0301ch qua\u0309n tri\u0323 ke\u0301m trong li\u0323ch s\u01b0\u0309, \u0111a\u0303 pha\u0309i \u201cx\u01b0\u0309 ly\u0301 ti\u0300nh hu\u00f4\u0301ng kh\u00e2\u0309n c\u00e2\u0301p\u201d nhu\u031b th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o va\u0300 hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 ra sao?<\/p>\n
Kinh t\u00ea\u0301 vi\u0303 mo\u0302: \u201cKi\u0300m cu\u031bo\u031bng ng\u01b0\u0323a be\u0302n b\u01a1\u0300 v\u01b0\u0323c th\u0103\u0309m\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nTi\u0300nh tra\u0323ng b\u00e2\u0301t \u00f4\u0309n va\u0300 vi\u1eb9\u0302c pha\u0309i duy tri\u0300 \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 vi\u0303 mo\u0302 la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng tha\u0301ch th\u01b0\u0301c va\u0300 tra\u0301ch nhi\u1eb9\u0302m kho\u0301 thoa\u0301i tha\u0301c ma\u0300 qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i Myanmar se\u0303 pha\u0309i \u0111\u00f4\u0301i m\u1ea1\u0306t sau khi ti\u00ea\u0301p qua\u0309n quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c. Theo Nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng Th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, kinh t\u00ea\u0301 Myanmar co\u0301 xu hu\u031b\u01a1\u0301ng \u0111i xu\u00f4\u0301ng ro\u0303 r\u1eb9\u0302t sau khi qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i le\u0302n n\u0103\u0301m quy\u00ea\u0300n. D\u01b0\u0323 ki\u00ea\u0301n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0303ng se\u0303 ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c su\u0323t gia\u0309m trong na\u0306m 2022 va\u0300 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c \u201c\u0111i \u0111\u00ea\u0301n b\u01a1\u0300 v\u01b0\u0323c th\u0103\u0309m\u201d do ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh nga\u0300y ca\u0300ng x\u00e2\u0301u \u0111i. B\u1ecd\u0302 Tuye\u0302n truy\u00ea\u0300n Myanmar ba\u0301c bo\u0309 quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m na\u0300y, cho r\u0103\u0300ng phu\u0323c h\u00f4\u0300i kinh t\u00ea\u0301 la\u0300 u\u031bu tie\u0302n ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh phu\u0309. Nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng Th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i cu\u0303ng nh\u1ea1\u0302n \u0111i\u0323nh va\u0300o na\u0306m 2023, n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 Myanmar kho\u0302ng chi\u0309 se\u0303 bi\u0323 a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng do \u201ctha\u0309m ho\u0323a di\u0323ch b\u1eb9\u0302nh\u201d, ma\u0300 co\u0300n bi\u0323 a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng b\u01a1\u0309i \u201ctai ho\u0323a con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i\u201d do qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i le\u0302n n\u0103\u0301m quy\u00ea\u0300n. M\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c kinh t\u00ea\u0301 qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0309 ra r\u0103\u0300ng \u201cchi\u0301nh bi\u00ea\u0301n\u201d m\u01a1\u0301i th\u01b0\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0301i hi\u00ea\u0309m ho\u0323a l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecd\u0302t chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 kha\u0301c c\u00e2\u0300n theo do\u0303i la\u0300 la\u0323m pha\u0301t. N\u00ea\u0301u ca\u0301c chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111\u00ea\u0300u \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c \u201cy\u00ea\u0301u\u201d, thi\u0300 la\u0323m pha\u0301t chi\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c vi\u0301 nhu\u031b \u201cb\u1eb9\u0302nh\u201d. Ty\u0309 gia\u0301 h\u00f4\u0301i \u0111oa\u0301i gi\u01b0\u0303a \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng Kyat (\u0111\u00f4\u0300ng ti\u00ea\u0300n Myanmar) va\u0300 USD \u0111a\u0303 gia\u0309m xu\u00f4\u0301ng co\u0300n 2900:1 va\u0300o nga\u0300y 28\/9\/2021 va\u0300 ta\u0306ng le\u0302n khoa\u0309ng 1300:1 va\u0300o \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tha\u0301ng 2\/2021. Do s\u01b0\u0323 ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t ch\u1ea1\u0306t che\u0303 cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng va\u0300 na\u0323n buo\u0302n ba\u0301n b\u00e2\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p pha\u0301p tra\u0300n lan, ty\u0309 gia\u0301 USD tre\u0302n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ch\u01a1\u0323 \u0111en \u0111a\u0303 co\u0301 lu\u0301c ta\u0306ng vo\u0323t le\u0302n m\u01b0\u0301c tre\u0302n 3200:1. \u0110\u00ea\u0309 \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh ty\u0309 gia\u0301, Nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng Trung u\u031bo\u031bng Myanmar \u0111a\u0303 nhi\u00ea\u0300u l\u00e2\u0300n ba\u0301n ra \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng USD \u0111\u00ea\u0309 bi\u0300nh \u00f4\u0309n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i ra quy \u0111i\u0323nh b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c \u0111o\u0301ng c\u01b0\u0309a di\u0323ch vu\u0323 kinh doanh thu \u0111\u00f4\u0309i ngoa\u0323i t\u1eb9\u0302 ho\u1ea1\u0306c ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 ru\u0301t ti\u00ea\u0300n ATM. Ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i Myanmar no\u0301i \u0111u\u0300a r\u0103\u0300ng sau khi ti\u00ea\u0300n lu\u031bo\u031bng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c chuy\u00ea\u0309n va\u0300o ta\u0300i khoa\u0309n, ho\u0323 \u0111a\u0303 x\u00ea\u0301p ha\u0300ng da\u0300i va\u0300o sa\u0301ng s\u01a1\u0301m trong hai tha\u0301ng lie\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0301p ma\u0300 v\u00e2\u0303n kho\u0302ng ru\u0301t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0300n. Th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 cho th\u00e2\u0301y, trong 6 tha\u0301ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tie\u0302n sau khi qua\u0302n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i n\u0103\u0301m quy\u00ea\u0300n, co\u0301 r\u00e2\u0301t nhi\u00ea\u0300u co\u0302ng ty kho\u0302ng tra\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c lu\u031bo\u031bng, n\u01a1\u0323 n\u00e2\u0300n t\u00f4\u0300n \u0111o\u0323ng ch\u00f4\u0300ng ch\u00e2\u0301t, vi\u1eb9\u0302c chuy\u00ea\u0309n khoa\u0309n qua ma\u0323ng cu\u0303ng bi\u0323 \u0111i\u0300nh tr\u1eb9\u0302 (\u0111i\u00ea\u0300u na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 lie\u0302n quan t\u01a1\u0301i vi\u1eb9\u0302c chi\u0301nh quy\u00ea\u0300n nhi\u00ea\u0300u l\u00e2\u0300n c\u0103\u0301t ma\u0323ng internet \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i, d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n vi\u1eb9\u0302c chuy\u00ea\u0309n khoa\u0309n qua ma\u0323ng bi\u0323 \u0111i\u0300nh tr\u1eb9\u0302). \u0110\u00ea\u0309 nhanh cho\u0301ng chuy\u00ea\u0309n di\u0323ch ta\u0300i sa\u0309n ho\u1ea1\u0306c gia\u0309i quy\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301c khoa\u0309n n\u01a1\u0323, m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 co\u0302ng ty mo\u0302i gi\u01a1\u0301i cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch vu\u0323 chuy\u00ea\u0309n khoa\u0309n thu phi\u0301 b\u0103\u0300ng ti\u00ea\u0300n m\u1ea1\u0306t v\u01a1\u0301i m\u01b0\u0301c phi\u0301 cao t\u01a1\u0301i 15% s\u00f4\u0301 ti\u00ea\u0300n chuy\u00ea\u0309n. \u0110i\u00ea\u0300u na\u0300y ca\u0300ng khi\u00ea\u0301n ty\u0309 gia\u0301 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng m\u00e2\u0301t ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t, th\u1ea1\u0302m chi\u0301 co\u0300n xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u1eb9\u0302n ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng \u201ckhu\u0309ng hoa\u0309ng thi\u00ea\u0301u ti\u00ea\u0300n m\u1ea1\u0306t\u201d.<\/p>\n
Chi\u0301nh quy\u00ea\u0300n qua\u0302n s\u01b0\u0323 Myanmar luo\u0302n co\u0301 tha\u0301i \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 th\u1ea1\u0302n tro\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i vi\u1eb9\u0302c in ti\u00ea\u0300n, kie\u0302n quy\u00ea\u0301t ba\u0301c bo\u0309 tin \u0111\u00f4\u0300n \u201cla\u0323m pha\u0301t ti\u00ea\u0300n\u201d. Ho\u0323 t\u01b0\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4\u0309 l\u00f4\u0303i nguye\u0302n nha\u0302n la\u0323m pha\u0301t la\u0300 do pha\u0309i \u0111o\u0301ng c\u01b0\u0309a bie\u0302n gi\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0301i pho\u0301 v\u01a1\u0301i di\u0323ch b\u1eb9\u0302nh. \u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i, chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 cu\u0303ng \u0111a\u0303 tho\u0302ng qua m\u1ecd\u0302t loa\u0323t chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch kinh t\u00ea\u0301 m\u01a1\u0301i, ch\u0103\u0309ng ha\u0323n nhu\u031b ta\u0306ng cu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng gia\u0301m sa\u0301t thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ngoa\u0323i h\u00f4\u0301i; cho phe\u0301p thanh toa\u0301n qua bie\u0302n gi\u01a1\u0301i tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p b\u0103\u0300ng Nha\u0302n da\u0302n t\u1eb9\u0302 va\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng Kyat, ta\u0323o \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u1eb9\u0302n thu\u1ea1\u0302n l\u01a1\u0323i cho thanh toa\u0301n xuye\u0302n bie\u0302n gi\u01a1\u0301i\u2026 \u0110\u00ea\u0301n cu\u00f4\u0301i na\u0306m 2021, chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 tuye\u0302n b\u00f4\u0301 di\u0323ch b\u1eb9\u0302nh va\u0300 la\u0323m pha\u0301t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c \u201cki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t\u201d, v\u01a1\u0301i ty\u0309 gia\u0301 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng Kyat va\u0300 USD \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c duy tri\u0300 \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c 1800:1. Tuy nhie\u0302n, ty\u0309 gia\u0301 ngoa\u0323i h\u00f4\u0301i ch\u01a1\u0323 \u0111en la\u0300 v\u00e2\u0303n trong khoa\u0309ng 2000:1. Sau khi chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 ba\u0301n g\u00e2\u0300n 300 tri\u1eb9\u0302u USD \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u201cgia\u0309i c\u01b0\u0301u thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng\u201d, ty\u0309 gia\u0301 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng Kyat, gia\u0301 va\u0300ng va\u0300 nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u d\u00e2\u0300n \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh, a\u0301p l\u01b0\u0323c chi phi\u0301 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t va\u0300 Chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0300 qua\u0309n tri\u0323 mua ha\u0300ng (PMI) phu\u0323c h\u00f4\u0300i. K\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 la\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 Myanmar \u0111a\u0303 co\u0301 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng \u201cghi\u0300m cu\u031bo\u031bng ng\u01b0\u0323a tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c b\u01a1\u0300 v\u01b0\u0323c th\u0103\u0309m\u201d. Nhu\u031bng v\u00e2\u0303n kho\u0302ng d\u00ea\u0303 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0323c quan.<\/p>\n
Kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111\u00f4\u0301i ngoa\u0323i: Thoa\u0301i v\u00f4\u0301n cu\u0309a nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i, song a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng chi\u0309 \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301<\/strong><\/p>\n